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Scheeli Killifish

Fundulopanchax scheeli

Fishes › Killifish and livebearers (Cyprinodontiformes) › Nothobranchiidae (African killifish)

Fundulopanchax scheeli, the emerald aphyosemion, is a species of killifish, endemic to the lower Cross River basin in Nigeria.

Aquarium hobby
Experience: Intermediate
Scheeli Killifish
Photo: Violaine2, France, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
FamilyAfrican killifish
Adult lengthup to 2.4 in
WaterFreshwater

Care at a glance

Species-specific aquarium care

  • Tank: At least 24 in long and 12 in front to back for one adult (adults commonly reach about 2.4 in / 6 cm).
  • Water: Freshwater.
  • Temperature: 72–79°F (range recorded for this species).
  • Layout: Uses both the bottom and open water: give open swimming space plus cover near the substrate.

Calculated from this species' own FishBase record: tank size from its typical adult length and swimming zone, water values from its recorded ranges. The group guide below fills in general care.

Care guide

Species care notes

  • Tank: a base of at least 18 × 10 in (roughly 7 US gallons); space needed is rated “modest tank”.
  • Water: a fairly wide range, from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, 73–79 °F, pH 6–7.5, 3–15 dGH.
  • Behaviour: temperament peaceful.
  • Difficulty: Easy (Seriously Fish rating).

Short excerpts from the species profile:

  • Setup: “A dark substrate should be used, ideally peat moss or the like and the tank should have dense areas of planting and pieces of wood to serve as cover.”
  • Diet: “Small live or frozen foods such as daphnia or bloodworm are preferred, although the fish will also accept good quality flake in most cases.”

From the Seriously Fish profile for this species, which has the full habitat, maintenance, diet, behaviour and breeding write-up 167

Group care guide

African killifish

Applies to most species in this group. Habitat: African killifish occupy permanent small streams and swamps as well as seasonal floodplain pools that dry out, where annual Nothobranchius survive as eggs. Individual species can differ, so compare with the species numbers above and the linked sources.

Level 3 is an editorial family rating: many gardneri strains and australe are easier choices, while clown killies and annual breeding require more skill. The water range uses the adult A. australe breeding recommendation; N. rachovii adults are listed at 68–75°F. Annual Nothobranchius have short lives, unlike nonannual australe. Blue gularis need housing scaled to their larger size, not the small-pair footprints. These references do not establish species-specific settings for lamottei, amieti or eggersi.

Housing & setup

  • For an Aphyosemion australe pair or trio, provide at least a 45 × 25 cm (18 × 10 in) footprint; a Nothobranchius rachovii pair needs at least 45 × 30 cm (18 × 12 in).
  • Fit a tightly sealed cover: lyretails are accomplished jumpers.
  • Provide floating vegetation to shade the water and plants or spawning mops; Epiplatys use surface vegetation for egg laying.
  • Use gentle aeration or filtration; maintain clean water and separate breeding species and locality strains.
  • Collect annual N. rachovii eggs in spawning medium for separate incubation; its profile specifies 5–7 months of storage before wetting.

Sources 883884885886

Climate & lighting

Water70–75°F

Sources 883884885886

Diet

  • Live or frozen Daphnia and Artemia.
  • Chopped bloodworms and appropriately sized worms.
  • Small insects for surface-feeding Epiplatys; tiny live foods for small fry.

Sources 883884885886

Social life

  • A. australe can be kept as a pair or trio with carefully selected peaceful companions; breeding tanks should hold one species and locality strain.

Sources 883884885886

Health watch

  • Velvet susceptibility in A. australe fry.
  • Fungal loss of incubating eggs.
  • Nutritional deficiencies from an unsuitable diet.

Sources 883884885886

Understanding the animal

About this animal

About this animal

It is a coastal rainforest fish which lives in small streams and ponds. It prefers a temperature of around 75 °F (24 °C), and a slightly acidic pH around 6–7.

Quoted from the Wikipedia article “Fundulopanchax scheeli” (CC BY-SA 4.0) 174

In the wild

In the wild

From this species’ own FishBase record (habitat, bottom type, water and breeding data), not its family. Good care copies these conditions.1

Where it livesLives in freshwater. Uses both the bottom and open water. Occurs in brooks and small streams in the coastal rainforest and forested savanna, mainly in waters on tertiary sedimentary soil.
Water it lives inFreshwater, 72–79 °F (22–26 °C).
ClimateTropical climate.

What this means for care

  • Keep water within its wild range, 72–79 °F.
  1. FishBase species summary: Fundulopanchax scheeli
From the sources

From the sources

Quoted from the matching sections of reputable sources for this exact species. Specialist databases are used first; Wikipedia (community-edited, CC BY-SA 4.0) only fills gaps. Other sources are short credited quotes.

OverviewFundulopanchax scheeli, the emerald aphyosemion, is a species of killifish, endemic to the lower Cross River basin in Nigeria. It is a coastal rainforest fish which lives in small streams and ponds. It prefers a temperature of around 75 °F, and a slightly acidic pH around 6–7. The specific name honours the Danish count, army colonel, explorer and ichthyologist Jørgen J. Scheel (1916–1989). — Wikipedia (community-edited)
Where it livesHome ranges Population dynamics Growth parameters Max. ages / sizes Length-weight rel. Length-frequencies Mass conversion Recruitment Abundance Life cycle Reproduction Maturity Maturity/Gills rel. — FishBase
BiologyOccurs in brooks and small streams in the coastal rainforest and forested savanna, mainly in waters on tertiary sedimentary soil. Not a seasonal killifish. Is easy to maintain in the aquarium. — FishBase

Data and studies

The numbers

The numbers

Each bar is what one source reports. Where several sources weigh in, the dashed gold band marks their average.

Adult length

Average of sources2.4in
FishBase 1642.4
Seriously Fish species profiles 1672.4

Maximum recorded length. Measured as total length. Fish in home aquariums often stay smaller than wild records.

Water temperature

Average of sources72.5–79°F
FishBase 16472–79
Seriously Fish species profiles 16773–79

Range the species tolerates in nature; aim for the middle.

pH

Reported6–7.5
Seriously Fish species profiles 1676–7.5

Water hardness

Reported3–15dGH
Seriously Fish species profiles 1673–15

Minimum tank footprint

Reported18in
Seriously Fish species profiles 16718

Seriously Fish recommends a tank base of at least 18 × 10 in (about 7 US gallons).

Sources for this sheet

  1. FishBase (Froese & Pauly, eds.), version 24.07 Peer-reviewed researchThe global scientific database on fishes, maintained by a consortium of research institutions; every value is referenced.
  2. Seriously Fish species profiles Experienced keeper or breederLong-running aquarium reference written and peer-checked by experienced fishkeepers and ichthyologists; each profile covers habitat, tank size, water, diet, behaviour and breeding.
  3. Seriously Fish — aphyosemion australe Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  4. Seriously Fish — nothobranchius rachovii Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  5. American Killifish Association — The AKA Beginners Guide Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  6. Merck Veterinary Manual — Disorders and Diseases of Fish Zoo, university or veterinaryAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  7. Wikipedia (species article) Community referenceFree encyclopedia; useful overviews with their own citations. Intro text is quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0.