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Pictus cat

Pimelodus pictus

Fishes › Catfish (Siluriformes) › Pimelodidae (Long-whiskered catfish)

Pimelodus pictus, also known as the pictus cat or pictus catfish, is a small (11.0 centimetres (4.3 in) TL) member of the catfish family Pimelodidae, native to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins and commonly kept as a pet in freshwater aquariums.

Aquarium hobby
Experience: Expert / facility
Pictus cat
Photo: Claire H., CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
FamilyLong-whiskered catfish
Adult lengthup to 4.7 in
WaterFreshwater

Care at a glance

Species-specific aquarium care

  • Tank: At least 24 in long and 12 in front to back for one adult (adults commonly reach about 4.3 in / 11 cm).
  • Water: Freshwater.
  • Temperature: 72–77°F (range recorded for this species).
  • pH: 6–8.
  • Hardness: 5–19 dGH.
  • Layout: Uses both the bottom and open water: give open swimming space plus cover near the substrate.

Calculated from this species' own FishBase record: tank size from its typical adult length and swimming zone, water values from its recorded ranges. The group guide below fills in general care.

Care guide

Species care notes

  • Tank: a base of at least 47 × 18 in (roughly 64 US gallons); space needed is rated “large tank”.
  • Water: a fairly wide range, from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, 72–77 °F, pH 5.8–6.8, 1–15 dGH.
  • Behaviour: temperament predatory; a shoaling fish best kept in a group of six or more.
  • Difficulty: Moderate (Seriously Fish rating).

Short excerpts from the species profile:

  • Setup: “Does best in a dimly lit environment with plenty of swimming space, and a few hiding places to provide security.”
  • Tankmates: “Peaceful enough but bear in mind this is a predatory species.”
  • Breeding: “Not thought to have been achieved in the hobby.”

From the Seriously Fish profile for this species, which has the full habitat, maintenance, diet, behaviour and breeding write-up 167

Group care guide

Long-whiskered catfish

Applies to most species in this group. Habitat: South American pimelodids occupy river channels and tributaries, with redtails and shovelnoses also using flooded forests. [fg178-pictus, fg178-redtail, fg178-sorubim]. Individual species can differ, so compare with the species numbers above and the linked sources.

The water range applies to pictus; redtail references give 69.8–78.8°F and P. fasciatum 71.6–78.8°F. Level 5 is an editorial rating reflecting giant members; pictus are substantially less demanding. Do not size Sorubim lima, Pimelodus maculatus, Brachyplatystoma tigrinum, P. corruscans or P. tigrinum from the pictus minimum: their individual protocols are not established here. Avoid live feeder fish and mammal meat for giant predators. Medication sensitivity requires fish-veterinary advice. [fg178-pictus, fg178-redtail, fg178-sorubim]

Housing & setup

  • For P. pictus, use at least 120 × 45 × 45 cm (about 243 L), with open swimming space.
  • Adult redtails and P. fasciatum require facility-scale housing: approximately 360 × 240 × 120 cm (10,368 L) is explicitly only a minimum in the reference.
  • Provide dim lighting and appropriately sized shelters; use fine sand for pictus.
  • For giant species, secure heavy furnishings and avoid swallowable gravel; bare bottoms or large smooth pebbles are alternatives.
  • Use efficient biological filtration, regular partial water changes and, for giants, equipment protected in an external sump.

Sources 941942943

Climate & lighting

Water71.6–77°F

Sources 941942943

Diet

  • Pictus: sinking prepared foods and frozen bloodworms.
  • Earthworms, sized for the fish.
  • Giant predators: prawns and mussels.
  • Giant predators: white-fish portions; vary foods and reduce feeding frequency as adults mature.

Sources 941942943

Social life

  • Pictus are shoaling fish, preferably six or more in adequate space; adult redtails and shovelnoses can be territorial towards other large pimelodids. Companions must be too large to swallow.

Sources 941942943

Health watch

  • Barbel erosion with deteriorating water quality.
  • White spot and poor condition in newly imported pictus.
  • Obesity and fatty organ damage from overfeeding or inappropriate mammal meat.

Sources 941942943

Understanding the animal

About this animal

About this animal

Pictus catfish are sometimes mislabeled as Angelicus cats in the aquarium trade, but the latter name actually refers to an unrelated African catfish, the mochokid Synodontis angelica. Pimelodus pictus should not be confused with Leiarius pictus, a much larger (60 cm (24 in)) pimelodid.

Quoted from the Wikipedia article “Pimelodus pictus” (CC BY-SA 4.0) 174

In the wild

In the wild

From this species’ own FishBase record (habitat, bottom type, water and breeding data), not its family. Good care copies these conditions.1

Where it livesLives in freshwater. Uses both the bottom and open water. Aquarium keeping: not recommended for home aquariums; minimum aquarium size 120 cm.
Water it lives inFreshwater, 72–77 °F (22–25 °C), pH 6–8, hardness 5–19 dH.
ClimateTropical climate.

What this means for care

  • Keep water within its wild range, 72–77 °F.
  1. FishBase species summary: Pimelodus pictus
Native climate (measured)

Native climate (measured)

Warm-season highsabout 90°F (up to 95°F in the hottest sampled areas)
Cool-season lowsabout 69°F (down to 65°F in the coldest sampled areas)
Average temperature77–81°F across sampled records
Relative humidity76–84% on average (driest month about 75%)
Rainfallabout 2559 mm a year, spread fairly evenly

Measured at 78 wild occurrence records sampled against WorldClim 2.1 climate data (1970–2000 averages). Air conditions in the range are ecological context, not enclosure settings: microhabitats such as burrows, leaf litter or basking rocks can be cooler, warmer or more humid.

From the sources

From the sources

Quoted from the matching sections of reputable sources for this exact species. Specialist databases are used first; Wikipedia (community-edited, CC BY-SA 4.0) only fills gaps. Other sources are short credited quotes.

OverviewPimelodus pictus, also known as the pictus cat or pictus catfish, is a small (11.0 cm TL) member of the catfish family Pimelodidae, native to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins and commonly kept as a pet in freshwater aquariums. Pictus catfish are sometimes mislabeled as Angelicus cats in the aquarium trade, but the latter name actually refers to an unrelated African catfish, the mochokid Synodontis angelica. Pimelodus pictus should not be confused with Leiarius pictus, a much larger (60 cm) pimelodid. — Wikipedia (community-edited)
Where it livesHome ranges Population dynamics Growth parameters Max. ages / sizes Length-weight rel. Length-frequencies Mass conversion Recruitment Abundance Life cycle Reproduction Maturity Maturity/Gills rel. — FishBase
BiologyAquarium keeping: not recommended for home aquariums; minimum aquarium size 120 cm. Average life span in captivity is said to be 4-8 yrs (https://aquaticmag.com/freshwater/fish/pictus-catfish-information/). In one case, this catfish lasted 18 yrs (1999-2017) in an aquarium (Roel Hurkens, Pers. — FishBase

Data and studies

The numbers

The numbers

Each bar is what one source reports. Where several sources weigh in, the dashed gold band marks their average.

Adult length

Average of sources4.5in
FishBase 1644.3
Seriously Fish species profiles 1674.7

Maximum recorded length. Measured as total length. Fish in home aquariums often stay smaller than wild records.

Water temperature

Average of sources72–77°F
FishBase 16472–77
Seriously Fish species profiles 16772–77

Range the species tolerates in nature; aim for the middle.

pH

Average of sources5.9–7.4
FishBase 1646–8
Seriously Fish species profiles 1675.8–6.8

Water hardness

Average of sources3–17dGH
FishBase 1645–19
Seriously Fish species profiles 1671–15

Minimum tank footprint

Reported47in
Seriously Fish species profiles 16747

Seriously Fish recommends a tank base of at least 47 × 18 in (about 64 US gallons).

Sources for this sheet

  1. FishBase (Froese & Pauly, eds.), version 24.07 Peer-reviewed researchThe global scientific database on fishes, maintained by a consortium of research institutions; every value is referenced.
  2. Seriously Fish species profiles Experienced keeper or breederLong-running aquarium reference written and peer-checked by experienced fishkeepers and ichthyologists; each profile covers habitat, tank size, water, diet, behaviour and breeding.
  3. Seriously Fish: Pimelodus pictus Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  4. Seriously Fish: Phractocephalus hemioliopterus Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  5. Seriously Fish: Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  6. Wikipedia (species article) Community referenceFree encyclopedia; useful overviews with their own citations. Intro text is quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0.
  7. iNaturalist (captive observations) Community referenceCommunity observation platform run by the California Academy of Sciences and National Geographic; observations marked captive show animals living in homes, zoos and aquariums.