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No federal permit to keep

Ornate paradisefish

Malpulutta kretseri

Also known as De Kretser's fish

Fishes › Gouramis, bettas, snakeheads (Anabantiformes) › Osphronemidae (Gouramis and bettas)

The ornate paradisefish (Malpulutta kretseri) or spotted gourami, is a species of gourami endemic to Sri Lanka.

Aquarium hobby
Experience: Beginner
Ornate paradisefish
Photo: Klaus de Leuw, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
FamilyGouramis and bettas
Adult lengthup to 2 in
WaterFreshwater
HabitatLives in freshwater

Care at a glance

Species-specific aquarium care

  • Tank: At least 24 in long and 12 in front to back for one adult (adults commonly reach about 0.8 in / 2 cm; the largest recorded was 1.6 in).
  • Water: Freshwater.
  • Temperature: 75–82°F (range recorded for this species).
  • pH: 5.5–7.5.
  • Hardness: 0–20 dGH.
  • Layout: Lives on or near the bottom: floor space and hiding places matter more than height.
  • Diet: Eats a varied diet: mix quality prepared foods with frozen and live foods. FishBase classes it as a carnivore.

Calculated from this species' own FishBase record: tank size from its typical adult length and swimming zone, water values from its recorded ranges. The group guide below fills in general care.

Care guide

Species care notes

  • Tank: a base of at least 16 × 8 in (roughly 4 US gallons); space needed is rated “any tank”.
  • Water: a fairly wide range, from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, 61–72 °F, pH 5–7.5, 1–8 dGH.
  • Behaviour: in a pair; not a community fish.
  • Difficulty: Easy (Seriously Fish rating).

Short excerpts from the species profile:

  • Setup: “Can be maintained in a fully-decorated aquarium although many breeders prefer not to use a substrate for ease of maintenance.”
  • Diet: “Likely to prey on insect larvae and suchlike in nature, and should be offered small live or frozen Daphnia, Artemia, white worm, grindal worm, etc., in captivity.”
  • Tankmates: “Best maintained in the absence of other fishes since captive breeding should be the priority given its conservation status and rarity in the aquarium hobby.”
  • Breeding: “Secretive bubble nester, with males preferring to contruct nests under an overhang or in a cavity if available though if not surface vegetation, leaves or roots may be chosen.”

From the Seriously Fish profile for this species, which has the full habitat, maintenance, diet, behaviour and breeding write-up 167

Group care guide

Gouramis and labyrinth fish

Applies to most species in this group. Habitat: Warm, still, vegetated waters. Individual species can differ, so compare with the species numbers above and the linked sources.

Housing & setup

  • Planted, calm tanks with floating plants; they breathe air at the surface, so leave a gap under the lid.

Sources 117119164118280

Diet

  • Food acceptance is species-specific. Parosphromenus deissneri needs tiny live invertebrate foods and commonly refuses dried foods; a pellet/flake staple cannot cover every labyrinth fish.

Sources 117119164118280

Health watch

  • Males are territorial; dwarf gourami iridovirus.

Sources 117119164118280

Understanding the animal

About this animal

About this animal

It is the only recognized species in its genus. It inhabits shallow, slow-flowing streams in forested areas shaded with plentiful vegetation near the edges and a substrate covered by leaf litter.

Quoted from the Wikipedia article “Ornate paradisefish” (CC BY-SA 4.0) 174

In the wild

In the wild

From this species’ own FishBase record (habitat, bottom type, water and breeding data), not its family. Good care copies these conditions.1

Where it livesLives in freshwater, in rivers and streams. Stays near the bottom. Restricted to forested areas and small, shallow, slow flowing silted streams with leaf debris and thick marginal vegetation. Stays close to the substrate and is very seldom found in unshaded waters. Feeds on fish fry, plankton and insect larvae. Bubble nest builder.
Water it lives inFreshwater, 75–82 °F (24–28 °C), pH 5.5–7.5, hardness 20 dH.
ClimateTropical climate.
Behavior to plan forBreeding: nesters.

What this means for care

  • Keep water within its wild range, 75–82 °F.
  1. FishBase species summary: Malpulutta kretseri
From the sources

From the sources

Quoted from the matching sections of reputable sources for this exact species. Specialist databases are used first; Wikipedia (community-edited, CC BY-SA 4.0) only fills gaps. Other sources are short credited quotes.

OverviewThe ornate paradisefish (Malpulutta kretseri) or spotted gourami, is a species of gourami endemic to Sri Lanka. It is the only recognized species in its genus. It inhabits shallow, slow-flowing streams in forested areas shaded with plentiful vegetation near the edges and a substrate covered by leaf litter. It is a carnivore, preying on plankton, fish fry, and the larvae of insects. — Wikipedia (community-edited)
Where it livesHome ranges Population dynamics Growth parameters Max. ages / sizes Length-weight rel. Length-frequencies Mass conversion Recruitment Abundance Life cycle Reproduction Maturity Maturity/Gills rel. — FishBase
ReproductionMale builds the bubble nest. Spawns 100 to 200 whitish eggs in batches in the course of a period between 1 to 12 hours. Eggs sink to the bottom and both parents pick them up and place them in the nest, usually built under a submerged leaf, after fertilization. — FishBase
BiologyFacultative air-breathing; Restricted to forested areas and small, shallow, slow flowing silted streams with leaf debris and thick marginal vegetation. Stays close to the substrate and is very seldom found in unshaded waters. Feeds on fish fry, plankton and insect larvae. — FishBase

Data and studies

The numbers

The numbers

Each bar is what one source reports. Where several sources weigh in, the dashed gold band marks their average.

Adult length

Average of sources1.4–1.8in
FishBase 1640.8–1.6
Seriously Fish species profiles 1672

Common length to maximum recorded length. Measured as total length. Fish in home aquariums often stay smaller than wild records.

Water temperature

Average of sources68–77°F
FishBase 16475–82
Seriously Fish species profiles 16761–72

Range the species tolerates in nature; aim for the middle.

pH

Average of sources5.2–7.5
FishBase 1645.5–7.5
Seriously Fish species profiles 1675–7.5

Water hardness

Reported1–8dGH
Seriously Fish species profiles 1671–8

Minimum tank footprint

Reported16in
Seriously Fish species profiles 16716

Seriously Fish recommends a tank base of at least 16 × 8 in (about 4 US gallons).

Sources for this sheet

  1. FishBase (Froese & Pauly, eds.), version 24.07 Peer-reviewed researchThe global scientific database on fishes, maintained by a consortium of research institutions; every value is referenced.
  2. Seriously Fish species profiles Experienced keeper or breederLong-running aquarium reference written and peer-checked by experienced fishkeepers and ichthyologists; each profile covers habitat, tank size, water, diet, behaviour and breeding.
  3. Merck Veterinary Manual: Management of aquarium fish Zoo, university or veterinaryThe Merck Veterinary Manual: a standard veterinary reference written and reviewed by veterinary specialists.
  4. Merck Veterinary Manual: Types and features of aquatic systems Zoo, university or veterinaryThe Merck Veterinary Manual: a standard veterinary reference written and reviewed by veterinary specialists.
  5. Merck Veterinary Manual: Nutritional diseases of fish Zoo, university or veterinaryThe Merck Veterinary Manual: a standard veterinary reference written and reviewed by veterinary specialists.
  6. Seriously Fish — Parosphromenus deissneri Zoo, university or veterinaryAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
  7. Wikipedia (species article) Community referenceFree encyclopedia; useful overviews with their own citations. Intro text is quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0.